Workplace Bullying Essay Example for Free

Workplace Bullying Essay Introduction Thesis Research on workplace bullying began in the late 1980s. The field has since evolved, including articles, blogs, and books on the subject. According to the 2014 WBI US Workplace Bullying Survey, 27% of Americans have been targets of workplace bullying; an additional 21% have been witness to the bullying; and a total of 72% are aware that workplace bullying occurs. (WBI the Workplace Bullying Institute, 2014) As of the writing of this paper,  there is no state or federal law yet enacted to compel American employers to address abusive conduct that occurs outside the limited definitions of illegal discriminatory actions. This paper will define bullying, consider the profile and characteristics of a typical bully, consider research on the topic and attempt to understand why bullying is allowed to continue in the workplace. 1 What is bullying According to Susan Futterman, in her book When You Work for a Bully: Assessing Your Options and Taking Action, readers are encouraged to, â€Å"take a step back to make sure you’re distinguishing between genuine feedback, even feedback undiplomatically presented, and bullying.† (Futterman Paroutaud, 2004) Futterman helps to differentiate between poor management skills and bullying by describing bullying as: Persistent Provides feedback which is not useful and focuses on trivial issues Based on false or distorted allegations  Relates to unrealistic or unreasonable targets that are set arbitrarily Is not accompanied by constructive efforts to resolve issues Another definition comes from Workplace Bullying Institute, describes workplace bullying as â€Å"repeated, health-harming mistreatment of one or more persons (the targets) by one or more perpetrators.† It further states that the abusive conduct is â€Å"threatening, humiliating, or intimidating†; involves work interference through sabotage which prevents work from getting done; and/or verbal abuse. (WBI the Workplace Bullying Institute, 2014) Figure 1.1 represents the range of negative behaviors that occur in the workplace. According to The Bully-Free Workplace: Stop Jerks, Weasels, and Snakes From Killing Your Organization, bullying, in its mildest form falls to the right of disrespect and when it is severe can lead to despair and even suicide. (Namie, The Bully-Free Workplace: Stop Jerks, Weasels, and Snakes From Killing Your Organization, 2011) Figure 1.1 The Continuum of Negative Interpersonal Behavior (Namie, The Bully-Free Workplace: Stop Jerks, Weasels, and Snakes From Killing Your Organization, 2011) 2 Why people should care about the topic  In his book, WORKPLACE BULLYING: ESCALATED INCIVILITY, Gary Namie, PhD notes that companies should be concerned about bullying, if for no other reason than its potential to damage the bottom line. â€Å"Employers are frustrated with turnover and disruption caused by bullies. It often costs a company tens of thousands of dollars to recruit, hire and train a new employee to replace a bullied worker who left. (Namie, WORKPLACE BULLYING: ESCALATED INCIVILITY, 2003) This assertion is backed up by Tim Field, a noted British anti-bullying activist with his main focus relating to workplace bullying, â€Å"Most cases of workplace bullying involve a serial bully, to whom all the dysfunction can be traced. A person who is being bullied may already know, or come to realise that they have a string of predecessors who have either: left unexpectedly or in suspicious circumstances; have gone on long term sick leave with some sort of psychological problem, and never returned; taken unexpected early or ill-health retirement,   have been involved in a grievance or disciplinary or legal action; have had stress breakdowns;  have been over-zealously disciplined for some trivial or non-existent reason.† (Field) 3 – Who are the bullies and who are the targets? (Profiles) Bullies  According to the 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey: February 2014, although bullies were less likely to be women than men (31% vs. 69%), women bullies were more likely (68% of the cases) to bully other women rather than men. In the Workplace Bullying Surveys, the percentages were similarly disproportionately high for women bullies. The Workplace Bullying Survey question asked respondents to identify the gender of the bullies and targets in situations with which they were familiar. (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, 2014) Figure 3.1 – Bullies by Gender (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, 2014) In his article, Introduction of the Serial Bully, Tim Field asserts that bullies share characteristics, including: â€Å"Plausible Charisma, Charm and Empathy Most workplace harassment and mistreatment (80%) is completely legal. Remarkably, a hostile work environment is actionable (illegal) only in very few situations. Bullying is not only tolerated in business, it is often seen as necessary. Lawmakers are reluctant to pass laws that reign in unfettered workplace violence resulting in psychological injury. (WBI the Workplace Bullying Institute, 2014) Employers react to laws with internal policies. According to the WBI Healthy Workplace Bill, the value of an anti-bullying law is to get employers to prevent bullying with policies and procedures that apply to all employees. The WBI Healthy Workplace Bill, crafted by law professor David Yamada for the Healthy Workplace Campaign, provides incentives for employers to address workplace bullying by avoiding expensive litigation. (Hyman, 2014) Employers Dont Know How to Stop Bullies Respondents of the Workplace Bullying Survey were clear that employers fail to appropriately react to abusive conduct much more frequently than they take positive steps to eliminate bullying. Denial and discounting were the most common reactions by employers. (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, 2014) Figure 6.1: Employers Reaction to Bullying (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, 2014) Bullying Is Underreported According to the 2014 Workplace Bullying Survey, forty percent (40%) of targets never tell their employers that they are being bullied. (Namie, Christensen, Phillips, 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey, 2014) Bullying can also be erroneously branded as conflict or a mere difference in personality styles. Although both are statements are true, bullying is also a form of violence, which puts it into a different category. Overly simplistic labels can minimize the impact of bullying on both the targets and the organization. (WBI the Workplace Bullying Institute, 2014) 7 – Recommended Actions – Targets and Employers Targets Employees who are or have been victims of workplace bullying should realize that it is not their fault that they are being bullied. If they are suffering negative effects from the bullying they should seek help from a doctor or counselor and, if the bullying is ongoing, from a career advisor who can help them plan a job or career change. (Workplace Bullying, 2014) Until there are formal policies or laws in place, as is indicated in Figure 6.1, it could be difficult to challenge the bullying, depending on the corporate culture and the position and influence of the bully. Employers Because workplace bullying can be devastating to employees and companies, some companies have instituted zero-tolerance policies toward workplace bullying. In these companies, if an employee is being bullied he or she needs to document the bullying and present the problem to the proper person in the company, usually someone in human resources or upper management. Companies with good anti-bullying policies usually hold meetings from time to time to remind employees what workplace bullying is, how to report it, and the consequences for bullying. (Einarsen, Hoel, Zapf, Cary, 2011) There are some companies that encourage a company culture of workplace bullying. Usually companies do not purposefully support bullying, but they may develop a problem with it either through not taking workplace bullying seriously or by developing the habit of placing blame and fault finding instead of solving problems. In these companies, employees who make a case against bullies may find that the bullying only gets worse. In this situation, employees often have to either make the best of the situation or find different employment. (Einarsen, Hoel, Zapf, Cary, 2011) 8 Summary Although there is still no law against workplace bullying, there are ethical and bottom-line reasons to encourage employers to proactively search out and end workplace bullying including increased productivity, and morale of the targets and those effected as witnesses. With the growing number of people being targeted and the trends to address the issue, it seems to be only a matter of time until laws against workplace bullying are enacted. Once  employers start to enact formal policies and procedures condemning workplace bullying, then bullies will know the consequences of their actions and some may stop; and targets should have an incentive to report instances of bullying. Human resource departments will then have formal policies and processes to deal with the reported bullying cases. References WBI the Workplace Bullying Institute. (2014, May 15). Retrieved from Workplace Bullying Institute: http://www.workplacebullying.org/wbiresearch/ Workplace Bullying. (2014, May 19). Retrieved from Bullying Statistics: http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/workplace-bullying.html Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D., Cary, C. (2011). Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace: Developments in Theory, Research, and Practice. Boca Raton: Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. Field, T. (n.d.). Introduction to the Serial Bully. Retrieved from Bullyonline.com: http://bullyonline.org/workbully/serial_introduction.htm Futterman, S., Paroutaud, F. (2004). WHEN YOU WORK FOR A BULLY: Assessing Your Options and Taking Action. Montvale: Croce Publishing Group, LLC. Grasz, J. (2012, August 12). CareerBuilder Study Finds More Workers Feeling Bullied in the Workplace. Retrieved from Career Builder: http://www.careerbuilder.com/share/aboutus/pressreleasesdetail.aspx?sd=8%2F29%2F2012id=pr713ed=12%2F31%2F2012 Hyman, J. (2014, April 3). If You Don’t Want Anti-Bullying Legislation, Give Me a ‘Hell Yeah!’. Retrieved from Workforce: http://www.workforce.com/blogs/3-the-practical-employer/post/20377-if-you-dont-want-anti-bullying-legislation-give-me-a-hell-yeah Klein, K. E. (2008, May 7). Employers Cant Ignore Workplace Bullies. Retrieved from Business Week: http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/may2008/sb2008057_530667.htm Namie, G. (2003, November / December). WORKPLACE BULLYING: ESCALATED INCIVILITY. Retrieved from Ivey Business Journal: http://iveybusinessjournal.com/topics/the-workplace/workplace-bullying-escalated-incivility Namie, G. (2011). The Bully-Free Workplace: Stop Jerks, Weasels, and Snakes From Killing Your Organization. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Namie, G., Christensen, D., Phillips, D. (2014). 2014 WBI U.S. Workplace Bullying Survey. Workplace Bullying Institute.

Ambiguity in Reason in Orlando Furioso Essay -- Orlando Furioso Essays

Ambiguity in Reason in Orlando Furioso  Ã‚   Ariosto addresses an underlying battle between reason and lust in Orlando Furioso, similar to the clash between duty and desires in Vergil’s Aeneid, yet opposite in interpretation. Vergil presents the message that duty overpowers desires, while Ariosto shows the opposite effect when he equates reason, rules, and authority with duty, and love, passion, and lust with desire. The "mettlesome charger" represents Lust that will not stop fighting to obtain its goals and cannot be gently coerced from its direction. Reason rarely overcomes Lust after it is set into action; once it is "tasted" it cannot be forgotten. Bradamant is torn between lust and reason when she must choose between her desires for Ruggiero and her filial duties. Aymon and Beatrice represent authority, thus set the tone for reason; but Rinaldo, Bradamant, and Ruggiero challenge their supremacy. Ariosto ultimately questions the validity of authoritative reason since Bradamant must thwart filial duty and pursue her o wn passions to fulfill her destiny. When Rinaldo promises Bradamant’s hand to Ruggiero in marriage, controversy surfaces. Rinaldo feels indebted to Ruggiero for his great deeds, which include saving the lives of Richardet, Maugis, and Vivian. Rinaldo has only good intentions in mind when he takes a stand, and "[he] truly [believes] that Aymon [will] be pleased to contract such a kinship." (44.11) However, his prediction proves false; Aymon angrily receives the news. Not only does he have plans of his own for Bradamant’s future, he is enraged that Rinaldo "[dares] to marry off his daughter without consulting him" (44.36). Aymon prefers to give Bradamant’s hand to Constantine’s son Leo because he has the grea... ...duty expressed through Merlin’s prophecy. Following the reason of authority, this goal would never have been met, however, relying on the reason of the heart, it is. Ariosto suggests that rules are refined rather than broken when they are not followed, because the authority, which sets them into play, can be less valid than the passions driving the "counter" action. The student may wish to begin the paper with the quote below: "A mettlesome charger will often suffer himself to be reined in from a gallop however gentle the hand on the rein. Seldom however, will the bridle of Reason check rabid Lust once it scents its quarry. It is like a bear: there is no distracting him from the honey once he has sniffed at it or tasted a drop left in the jar." (Canto 11.1) Works Cited Ariosto. Orlando Furioso. Trans. Waldman. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983

Time Scale for Research Project

Time scale for Research Project 1. Design and create Video demonstrations (Completed) 2. Decide on a conceptual framework for the project (Laurillard) 3. Decide on quantitive/qualitative or mixed method (Mixed quantitive/qualitative) 4. Source and read 20 quality applicable resent journal articles (5 new already) 5. Design and create a questionnaire for research (Completed) 6. Design and create a practical marking scheme (completed) 7. Decide on whither to use a focus group or not or interview or not (numbers)(Focus Group Interview) 8.Design and create a questionnaire for info on students phones for first day (completed) 9. Decide on what journal to write for (by Nov 1st) 10. Decide on possible themes for article structure and headings etc (see 9) 11. Design and create a consent form for the students (by Nov 1st) 12. Design and write an application for consent from ITB to carry out research (by Nov 1st) 13. Put abstract together and submit to Open Learning online journal(completed) 1 4. Make up a specific timetable for implementing study (by Dec 1st) 15. Write annotated bibliography (by Dec 7th) 16.Decide on a learning theory for the project (by Dec 1st) 17. Rewrite literature review (Completed) 18. Rewrite research proposal (Completed) 19. Decide on specific method of analysing the results. Miles and Huberman’s interactive model of data analysis. (by Dec 7th) – (Jan 1st) 20. Carry out practical study and collect data (Jan 6th – 22nd) 21. Collect data from questionnaires and focus group (Jan 25th – 29th) 22. Analyse data (Feb 1st – Mar 1st) 23. Write journal paper (Mar 1st – June 1st) 24. Constantly read journal papers and adapt entire study as work proceeds, start writing ASAP and keep on updating ePortfolio and private Blog.

Popularity of Tobacco in Colonial Times - 1388 Words

Tobacco was the soul and life of the colony; it was primitive, but made an important form of diversified farming from the start among the small farmers. With the growth of the big plantations in the 18th century, there were small landowners among large planters in the Tidewater area. Usually, they possessed few slaves (if any). The importation of little food indicates that there existed a standard farming system. Tobacco was not the only product of large tobacco plantations. It is indicated by the fact that all of the financial records of the goods of one man’s labor recorded as so many acres of tobacco and others. Low prevailing prices of tobacco would have made the agricultural economy less cost-effective. Agricultural product such as tobacco was new to most of the people, but not to the English settlers at the Johnstown. There was no experience in marketing to draw upon, growing and curing in that century. These difficulties and procedures were tackled by trial and error in Virginia. Tobacco was very popular in early Virginia during the colonial time. Discussion The colony exploited the only reliable export for the benefit of English trade. The policy made the Virginia planter become an agricultural spendthrift. For a long period of time a system of farming depleted his land. The price of land was cheap, which means that fertilization was limited and laborious. Through clearing of trees away, they were able to move south, west, north, and southwest to replace his worn-outShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of Tobacco And Tobacco1084 Words   |  5 Pages With more people dying from tobacco related illnesses than any other source, smoking and tobacco use is the single largest source of preventable deaths in the world. There have been many attempts at controlling smoking in America which not only harms the user but also the people around them. None of the attempts have succeeded fully so far. 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The South has been an economically distinctive region reflected by the historic dominance of the plantation system. For this paper, the crops grown within the plantation system include tobacco, indigo, rice, sugarcane, and cotton. Tobacco, indigo, rice, sugarcane, and cotton were valuable plants and grown as cash crops. Cash crops, as opposedRead MoreThe Roles of Globalization in Timothy Brook’s Vermeer’s Hat and Sidney Mintz’s Sweetness and Power791 Words   |  3 Pagesindustrialization and the rise of capitalism. Brook tells the story of tobacco’s route from the Americas to Europe. As tobacco became a commercial crop, it allowed for a new system of trade, further connecting Europe, the Americas, and Africa. Both works highlight the importance of each respective commodity in the linking of the global community. The integration of both sugar and tobacco in global trade had a profound impact on the power structures of society in the seventeenth century. â€Å"Before the end

The Intouchables - 878 Words

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The Effect of Slavery on the Identity of Cuba Essay

The Effect of Slavery on the Identity of Cuba The Caribbean is a diverse region with a unique history. The progress and advancement of each island complied with the European country in control of it at the time. The Caribbean was conquered and colonized soon after Columbus’ discovery in 1492. A similar aspect of the heterogeneous region has been its plantations. The plantations were an important aspect of the cultural history of the Caribbean. Mintz believed that the plantations tied the colonies in the Caribbean to the European country that was colonizing it. He states: the plantation system was an agricultural design for the production of export commodities for foreign markets- a means for introducing agricultural capitalism to†¦show more content†¦Mintz believed that the plantation system was something positive that helped to shape each colony into what it presently is, he states the plantation system was not only an agricultural device; it also became the basis for entire societal design(Mintz 27). Benitez-Rojo, also believing that the plantation system was something positive, believed so because they created an economy in the primarily primitive Caribbean and it help them construct a structured economical system. Slavery in the Caribbean also played the role of shaping each colony’s identity and culture. When Europe began importing and shipping in slaves from Africa into the colonies, miscegenation occurred. As a result of slavery, a diverse Caribbean was created. 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Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin changed the views of slavery in the north and continues to serve as a reminder of the effects of oppression; How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis illustrates the plight of poor working-class immigrants; consequently inspiring tangible change to the Lower East Side’s schools, buildings, and sweatshops;Read MoreEssay on Different Perspectives of The Caribbean1433 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of the Caribbean, all are written in different ways. In dealing with the history of the Caribbean there are many overlapping topics throughout all three works. With the prevalent overlap, of such topics as plantations, Creole culture, and the effect of colonization there is evidence of agreement, but more often than not there is a contrast in opinion. The most predominant topic in all three works was the issue and result of the plantation system. 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During the wars of independence slavery was beginning to be abolished and Indigenous people were finally had a feeling of belonging to their native land (Chasteen, Textbook p. 9597). The citizens wanted to follow modern day England. Patriots were looking to eliminate control from Spanish

Cisco System Case Study for Business Problem-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCisco System Case Study for Business Problem. Answer: Evaluate Walmarts new marketing campaign and tagline. Provide your views on the marketing activity carried out by Walmart based on your understanding. Walmart was a very innovative investor. He used strategies to market his products to potential customer by applying persuasive marketing campaign and tagline. The marketing campaign adopted by Walmart was categorized with yellow smiley face which was initiated at the beginning of the year 1996. This particular campaign was classified among the greatest stars of the company. The campaign was appearing in staff equipment such as aprons and button. Before the campaign, he had initiated a tagline which asserted that, Always Low Prices. Always. The assertion of this tagline was to enhance efficient and effective communication strategy concerning the main brand of the company. This tagline was anticipated to generate millions of dollars since the brand was promising to the company. My view on this particular marketing strategy is based on Walmart creativity. He maintained a welcoming impression to the customers at all times (Prasch 2008). This is usually a good strategy to welcome customer s. It initiate negotiation for buying and selling in the market. Did Walmart make the right decision to drop ?Always Low Prices. Always.? As a tagline. My view on dropping this particular tagline is based on competition in the market. It was the right decision to drop the tagline by Walmart. The main reason for asserting this is the competitors who always aim at achieving competitive advantage in the marketplace. This tagline could be used against Walmarts company by the competitors. By saying, Always Low Prices. Always, innovative competitor may wish to lower the selling price of that particular product at some point even if they may not make profits at that time. The aim would be targeting customers. This will create a notion to the customer that even if Walmart claim to offer products at low prices, there exist other outlets that can offer the same product at diminishing price. Once that notion is created, the competitors would the increase the prices accordingly. Walmart will end up losing potential customers. Walmart does very well when the economy turns sour. How can it protect itself when the economy is on the rise? Explain. When the economic recession affected many parts of the world, Walmart did a special task of offering consumable good and other commodities at affordable prices. This can be a form of charity activity. The company should employ particular strategies and mechanisms in case the economy is on the rise. Walmart should maintain the initial low prices so as to retain the customers threshold. Then, he should adjust the prices slowly and accordingly without huge realization by the customers. By so doing, the company can be protected from external forces of money supply. Later on the consumers would have adjusted to the reasonable prices of goods and other commodities as economy grow. Otherwise during boom stages, the customers have money to spend. Do you feel Walmarts strategy can be followed by other supermarket chains to achieve success? Give your justification. I fully have a feeling that supermarket chains and other supermarket outlets can employ such a strategy in their daily operations based on the current economic cycles. It is good to state that these supermarkets generate a lot of profits by the end of the day. This is associated to the many shoppers who go out for vacation and shopping. During recession, the supermarkets should lower the prices to support people at the time of poor economy (Fletcher 2012). This would be a form of giving back to the society. Therefore, in the long run, the economy will gain stability and boom season will come along. All the customers who received support from the supermarket during recession will still be willing to shop in the same supermarket during boom seasons. This will make the supermarket to gain competitive advantage. Is Walmarts strategy sustainable in the long run? Reason. If not suggest an alternative strategy for Walmart. I believe that Walmarts strategy is sustainable in the long run. This is because, the cases of recession are not always recursive. On the other hand, the cases of boom are always recursive. We can assert that, in a span of ten years. Recession season may appear once or twice. All the other period will be associated to boom seasons. Therefore, in that span, Walmart is required to give back to the society at least twice. This is on recession period. He may not make reasonable profits at that time. However, during boom season, which occupy much of the time in that life span, Walmart will be realizing huge profits as compared to his competitors due to customers authenticity and competitive advantage. This makes his strategy very workable and sustainable in the long run. References. Fletcher, F 2012, Business Problem Solving, Routledge. Prasch, RE 2008, How Markets Work: Supply, Demand and the Real World, Edward Elgar Pub.